Can Metformin Cause Hair Loss?
Metformin is a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. While some may notice fallout or thinning when taking this medication, the connection might not be what you think. So, does metformin cause hair loss? We have answers.
Metformin isn’t known to cause hair loss. However, hair loss is correlated with type 2 diabetes. So, technically, you could take metformin for hair loss related to diabetes or even be prescribed metformin for hair growth in very specific circumstances.
But can metformin cause hair loss, and if so, how? We’ll cover this below, along with strategies for maintaining a full head of hair.
What Metformin Does
Metformin is a prescription medication used to treat high blood sugar in those with type 2 diabetes who are resistant to the effects of insulin. It’s in a class of drugs known as biguanides.
This medication works by decreasing the amount of glucose your body absorbs from food and the amount of glucose made in your liver while reducing blood glucose overall.
It can also increase your body’s sensitivity to insulin, which controls blood sugar levels.
Side note: Metformin isn’t used to treat type 1 diabetes.
Metformin and Hair Loss: What’s the Connection?
While hair loss may not be a side effect of metformin, it can be associated with diabetes. So, if you’re taking metformin for diabetes and experiencing hair loss, it may have less to do with your medication and more to do with your health condition.
Diabetes is a serious health condition in which the body struggles to moderate glucose levels and develops insulin resistance. Left untreated, it can lead to even more severe problems up to and including death.
Managing diabetes through lifestyle approaches and medication (like metformin) can decrease those risks.
In fact, one of the most likely explanations for why you might see hair loss with this chronic health condition is that the symptoms of diabetes can, over time, cause you to experience hair loss.
Diabetes and Hair Loss
It’s hard to pinpoint what comes first — hair loss, diabetes or other associated health conditions. In any case, the scientific literature shows that they’re all correlated.
A small study of 100 men in India found that androgenetic alopecia (male pattern baldness) can be an early warning sign of metabolic syndrome. This condition is a collection of symptoms pointing to heart and diabetes-related problems.
A larger study with over 7,000 subjects also concluded that androgenetic alopecia could be a predictor of diabetes and heart disease. Researchers noted that participants with moderate to severe male pattern hair loss had a “significantly higher” risk of death from diabetes.
Also, hair loss on the legs can indicate peripheral artery disease (when narrow blood vessels prevent blood flow to the limbs) among people with type 2 diabetes.
(Related: Finasteride for Hair Loss: Side Effects, Dosage & More)
Does Metformin Cause Hair Loss?
Metformin itself isn’t thought to cause hair loss, but type 2 diabetes and PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) — the conditions it’s prescribed to treat — can cause hair loss. Studies also show that metformin can contribute to vitamin B12 deficiency. Since this nutrient is essential for healthy hair growth, a deficiency may lead to hair loss.
In fact, vitamin deficiency is known to be one of the reasons you might see hair fallout. Here’s what we know about low vitamin B12 levels and thinning hair.
Metformin and Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with a number of problems, including weakness, weight loss, constipation and — yes — hair loss.
But before you say “case closed,” it’s important to understand that B12 deficiency is really, really rare.
You simply don’t need much vitamin B12. Plus, it’s fairly easy to get either through supplements or as part of your daily intake of foods like fish, eggs, meat and milk.
However, as noted, metformin may increase your risk of vitamin b12 deficiency. This could contribute to hair thinning or interrupt your hair’s natural growth cycle.
Other Potential Causes of Hair Loss
While some medications might make you shed more than usual, there are other potential causes of hair loss to consider.
For instance, male pattern baldness (the most common type of hair loss among men) is often caused by genetic factors.
Besides diabetes, various illnesses can also contribute to thinning and fallout.
This includes:
Nutritional deficiencies
Hormonal imbalances
Fungal infection
Hyperglycemia
Trichotillomania (compulsive hair-pulling)
Cancer
Alopecia areata, an autoimmune disease
Other autoimmune disorders
(Related: Does Prednisone Cause Hair Loss?)
Metformin Hair Loss and Other Side Effects
As with almost any prescription drug, metformin comes with risks and side effects. However, nowhere in the official documentation of metformin does it indicate hair loss as a potential risk.
According to the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration), the most common adverse reactions of metformin include:
Diarrhea
Nausea
Gas
Indigestion
Stomach discomfort
Headache
Weakness
One of the most serious (but quite rare) risks of metformin is lactic acidosis, the buildup of lactic acid.
Lactic acidosis can be fatal, and the early signs are sometimes easy to miss. Abdominal pain, a general sense of not feeling well and breathing difficulties could be indicators.
A Side Note on Metformin Safety Recalls
Many manufacturers of metformin hydrochloride have recalled their medications because of potentially high levels of an ingredient found to cause cancer.
This ingredient, nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), may be present in some metformin extended-release formulas above the acceptable limit. But as of early 2021, at least 13 drug companies have recalled their extended-release formulas.
Metformin Hair Loss Treatments
In many cases, androgenic alopecia can be treated. With guidance from a healthcare provider, hair loss treatments may include medication, lifestyle changes and managing related health conditions.
Hair Loss Medication
The two most common and promising treatments are topical minoxidil and oral finasteride.
Minoxidil is applied to the scalp, where it stimulates hair growth. Finasteride blocks the conversion of testosterone to DHT (short for dihydrotestosterone), a hormone known to trigger hair loss.
Managing Related Health Conditions
If you have diabetes, you’ll want to consult a healthcare professional to discuss treatment for diabetes and get medical advice on lifestyle changes (including what foods to eat) that can help you manage high blood sugar levels.
A medical professional or dermatology expert can help you rule out other potential causes of hair loss, like androgen hormonal imbalance (androgenic alopecia) or immune system issues (alopecia areata).
Your provider may run tests to check for anemia and insulin resistance while assessing your thyroid and other critical functions.
The Bottom Line on Metformin and Hair Loss
Here’s what to keep in mind about metformin and hair loss:
There are currently no scientific indications that metformin causes hair loss.
However, we know the disease metformin treats — type 2 diabetes — is associated with hair loss.
In fact, loss of hair follicles may be an early warning sign of type 2 diabetes and other health problems.
Fortunately, there are some viable solutions to potentially slow down or stop the hair loss you might be experiencing.
But don’t discontinue the use of metformin without speaking to your healthcare provider.
Talking with a healthcare provider about your condition and which treatment option(s) might be right for you is a good first step.
This article originally appeared on Hims.com and was syndicated by MediaFeed.org.
More from MediaFeed
Can Finasteride Help With My Particular Type of Hair Loss? Everything You Need to Know
If you’ve been looking into Propecia or its generic finasteride, for hair loss, you probably have many questions. Good news! As you might expect from the headline, we’re here to answer a lot of them at once. The first thing to know? Finasteride is a popular and safe medication for hair loss that is effective for many men with few adverse effects.
Oral finasteride does two things: it prevents further hair loss due to androgenic alopecia by protecting follicles and promotes hair growth on the scalp. It’s one of the few treatments for male pattern baldness on the market today that have been proven effective.
How it works, how much to take and what side effects to expect — that’s what we’ll dive into below.
diego_cervo/istockphoto
You may have heard of finasteride, a generic medication also sold as Propecia or Proscar. Propecia is a brand name that’s used to market finasteride sold by the pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. Finasteride, whether a generic or brand name, is used to treat androgenetic alopecia, or male pattern baldness.
Originally, finasteride was FDA-approved as medication for benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH — a form of non-cancerous prostate enlargement — under the brand name Proscar.
Several years later, it was approved for hair loss and sold as Propecia. Today, both versions of finasteride — the higher-dose version used to treat an enlarged prostate gland and the lower-dose version used for hair loss — are available as generics and under various brand names.
Finasteride comes in tablet form and is designed for daily use, according to an article published in the book StatPearls. It’s typically prescribed at 1mg per day as a treatment for hair loss.
Chris Curry/Istockphoto
Finasteride tablets belong to a class of medications called 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, or 5-ARIs. It works by inhibiting the action of the 5 alpha-reductase enzyme, which is involved in converting testosterone into the hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
DHT plays a central role in male pattern baldness. If you’re genetically prone to hair loss, DHT can bind to receptors in your hair follicles and cause them to miniaturize, resulting in a gradual loss of hair around your hairline, crown or across your scalp.
By inhibiting the 5 alpha-reductase enzyme, finasteride significantly reduces the amount of DHT in your bloodstream, shielding your hair follicles from DHT-related damage.
Research shows that using finasteride as recommended lowers serum DHT levels (the amount of DHT in your bloodstream) by more than 70 percent.
This reduction in DHT can slow, or even stop, your hair loss. Many men even notice a significant degree of hair regrowth in areas of the scalp affected by male pattern baldness after starting treatment with finasteride.
macniak/istockphoto
So, does finasteride produce results? For most men, absolutely.
Research shows that finasteride works, often very well. In long-term, placebo-controlled clinical trials published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, 90 percent of men with hair loss who used finasteride either maintained their hair or saw improvements in hair growth.
In comparison, 75 percent of men who used a non-therapeutic placebo experienced worsening hair loss over the same period.
In one study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology that involved two one-year clinical trials, researchers found that finasteride produced a more than 15 percent increase in hair count at the vertex scalp (the crown or area at the top of the scalp) in men with male pattern baldness.
Another study from Japan, which covered ten years of finasteride use, found that more than 90 percent of men with androgenetic hair loss who use finasteride experience improvements.
In short, finasteride works, with most men experiencing improvements in their hair growth and density with treatment.
LENblR/istockphoto
It’s common and normal to experience a little bit of hair loss daily. Most guys shed 50 and 100 hairs per day, even if they aren’t affected by male androgenetic alopecia, or male pattern baldness.
If you’re one of the many men with male pattern baldness, however, the hair loss you see is due to the effects of a hormone — an androgen — killing off their hair follicles.
Currently, finasteride is FDA-approved to treat male pattern baldness, the most common type of hair loss in men.
However, male pattern hair loss isn’t the only type of hair loss. Other types of hair loss that can affect you include:
Telogen effluvium. This is a temporary form of hair loss caused by severe stress, infections, surgery, illnesses that cause fever, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes and certain types of medication.
Alopecia areata. This is a form of autoimmune hair loss, in which your hair can fall out in small, round patches. Experts aren’t entirely sure what triggers this type of hair loss, although it may be related to stress, infections and certain medications.
Tinea capitis. Also referred to as scalp ringworm, this type of fungal infection can cause patchy hair loss.
Since DHT doesn’t cause these types of hair loss, finasteride isn’t effective at slowing them down, stopping them or reversing their effects.
AlexPapp/istockphoto
Like almost all medications, finasteride can cause side effects. Most side effects of finasteride for hair loss are generally mild, although some may impact your quality of life.
Potential side effects of finasteride include:
Decreased libido
Pain or discomfort that affects the testicles
ED or problems, such as decreased volume
Changes in mood or depression
Side effects — such as ED, difficulty coming and a weaker drive — can sound alarming, and they can happen. But there are also a variety of things you can do to counteract this effect.
Although it’s uncommon in the low-strength version of finasteride used to treat hair loss, some men who use Proscar also report side effects such as breast tenderness and skin rashes. If you experience breast tenderness or nipple discharge, report these side effects to a healthcare provider, as they may be a sign of breast cancer.
Although the risk is low, finasteride is also associated with an increased risk of getting a more severe form of prostate cancer called high-grade prostate cancer.
In men over 55 years old, the risk of developing high-grade prostate cancer increases from 1.0 percent to 1.8 percent with the use of 5mg finasteride.
It’s important to note that this incidence of this severe side effect is from a far higher dosage of finasteride (5 mg tablet vs. 1 mg) than the dose that’s used to treat hair loss.
We also have some more good news about side effects — per the FDA label for finasteride, no significant drug interactions are associated with this medication.
Be sure to seek medical advice and tell a healthcare professional about all your current medications, supplements and health risks before using finasteride.
stefanamer/istockphoto
It’s important to look at these side effects in context before you write off finasteride as a hair loss treatment.
Even in studies of Proscar, the high-strength 5mg version of finasteride, only a small percentage of men report these side effects.
For example, in clinical studies of finasteride for BPH, just over eight percent of men reported an effect on their erections, with 6.4 percent and 3.7 percent of men reporting decreases in libido and a reduced volume, respectively.
Other finasteride side effects, such as breast tenderness and rash, were reported by less than one percent of men who used finasteride in clinical trials.
In clinical trials involving the 1mg per day dose used to treat hair loss, ED from finasteride was far less common, with just 1.8 percent of men reporting a weakened libido and 1.3 percent reporting ED.
It’s worth noting that many men who took a non-therapeutic placebo also reported these side effects.
SeventyFour/istockphoto
As with many other medications, some side effects of finasteride may fade away or become less severe with long-term use.
Although this is uncommon, a small percentage of men may continue to experience adverse events after discontinuing the use of finasteride.
(Related: Does Topical Finasteride Work? What Should You Expect)
gorodenkoff/istockphoto
Finasteride is typically sold in two dosages. As a treatment for male pattern baldness, it’s used at a dosage of 1 mg per day.
This is the dose of finasteride you’ll find in most generic versions of finasteride for hair loss, as well as the brand-name medication Propecia.
As a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), finasteride is used at a dosage of 5 mg per day.
This dose can be found in generic forms of finasteride and the brand-name medication Proscar.
People who are breastfeeding, pregnant women, people with liver disease and those taking medications like dutasteride should consult their healthcare provider before taking finasteride.
If you experience an allergic reaction, stop taking finasteride and contact a healthcare provider.
gorodenkoff/istockphoto
Finasteride is effective, but there’s one catch: it doesn’t work overnight. To get consistent results from finasteride, you’ll need to have a long-term outlook and take it consistently for several months.
On average, it takes three to four months to see new hair or any other improvements from finasteride.
This isn’t because the medication isn’t working. In fact, finasteride starts reducing DHT levels as soon as your body absorbs it.
But your hair takes time to grow, meaning you’ll need to be patient before the effects of finasteride become visible.
Data from clinical trials shows that most guys experience improvements from finasteride after a year of consistent use.
In short, once you start using finasteride, you can expect to see some change in your hair after a few months.
After one year of continuous use, you should be able to see more “final” results from finasteride.
LightFieldStudios/istockphoto
For most men, finasteride is an effective option for treating and preventing hair loss from male pattern baldness.
However, it’s not the only hair loss treatment that’s available. Other affordable and effective hair loss treatment options include:
Minoxidil. Minoxidil, a topical medication, helps improve blood flow to the scalp and stimulate hair growth. Research shows that minoxidil is particularly effective when it’s used at the same time as finasteride.
Hair loss prevention shampoo. Many shampoos, including those that contain active ingredients such as saw palmetto and ketoconazole, are formulated to prevent excess hair shedding and promote optimal hair growth.
Is finasteride hair growth the most efficient way to treat hair loss? It’s hard to say. But we know that there are countless men out there who will try just about anything they can to stop male pattern baldness instead of waiting the year for finasteride to work.
Unfortunately, many of the hair loss treatments currently on the market either don’t work or are effective but very expensive. These include:
Laser combs and other products. Often referred to as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), these products use laser light to stimulate the hair follicles. Research is mixed on their effectiveness, and many of these devices cost hundreds or thousands of dollars.
Hair oils. Several essential oils are marketed as treatments for pattern hair loss. While some have been shown to have mild benefits in small studies, none are as effective as FDA-approved hair loss treatments such as finasteride and minoxidil.
Corticosteroids. These medications are used to reduce inflammation, which can cause hair loss in certain situations. While they may be useful for some non-hormonal forms of hair loss, there’s no evidence that they prevent or slow down pattern hair loss. In addition, topical corticosteroids may be prescribed for certain inflammatory scalp conditions, but they’re not used for male pattern baldness.
Hair transplant surgery. Although hair transplant surgery is effective, it’s an expensive option. The cost of a hair transplant can vary from a few thousand to tens of thousands of dollars, depending on the extent of your hair loss and the number of grafts required.
Out of all the hair loss remedies, only two offer a good combination of affordability and efficacy — oral finasteride and topical minoxidil.
(Related: Does Minoxidil Work For a Receding Hairline?)
Finasteride is popular for a reason — more than any other hair loss medication, it’s effective at slowing down, stopping and even reversing the effects of male pattern baldness.
Losing your hair is never easy, but fortunately, hair loss isn’t something you have to live with. If you’re one of the tens of millions of men in the United States affected by this condition, taking early action can help you to enjoy a fuller, thicker head of hair throughout your life.
This article originally appeared on Hims.com and was syndicated by MediaFeed.org.
